Cylinder head



' Feb. 4, 1941. v R soN 2,230,225

I cum new I-ilod Ihy 24', 1939 INVENTO'R Russell 6. Andersoh Mm m/ A RNEY Patented Feb. 4, 1941 UNITED STATE s "P TENT; OFFICE- CYLINDER HEAD Russell G. Anderson, Bedford, Ohio, assignor to Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh,

Pa'., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application May 24, 1939, Serial No. 275,416

7 Claims.

combined with adequate heat dissipating facilities and suihcient strength under operating conditions. Another object of my invention is to provide a one-piece, liquid-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines having a controlled cooling systemcontained therein, and being so designed as to permit fabrication in permanent molds without the use of sand cores. Still another object is to provide .a one-piece, liquid-cooled, non-ferrous alloy cylinder head for internal combustion engines having a controlled cooling system and being so designed as to permit fabrication by forging or pressing operations.

Other objects and advantages of my invention will appear as the description proceeds.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is an inverted plan view of a part of the cylinder head showing various liquid passages of the cooling system; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section taken substantially on line 11-11 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken on line III-III of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but showing a modified cylinder head.

Before explaining my invention in detail, it is to.be understood that the invention is not limited to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawing, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

In fabricating my novel cylinder head I prefer to cast it from an aluminum base alloy of a suitable composition in a permanent metal mold without employing a sand core; but the cylinder head may be made in other ways, such as by casting in sand molds, or by mechanical working methods such as forging or pressing.

with referenceto Figs. 1' to 3 of the drawing, the cylinder head which is conventional, generally speaking, in type and appearance is shown as provided with a plurality of combustion chambers I, designed to permit freedom of movement of valves in the cylinder block (not shown) and to provide suitable space for compression of the combustion gases by the piston. Spark plug openings 2 are shown and other features of the cylinder head will be described with relation to my invention as the description proceeds. In this particular design of my invention, the combustion chambers, I along the side walls 3 are surrounded by a plurality of liquid chambers l,

, which are defined by the combustion chamber ature in the combustion chamber.

boundaries Ii, the exterior wall of the cylinder head 6, and the bosses I, for bolt openings 8. As shown inFig. 2, these liquid chambers extend to or above the interior level of the combustion chamber recesses. The liquid chambers are so situated that they coincide with liquid passages of the cylinder block or are connected with the liquid passages of the cylinder block by apertures suitably located in the cylinder block and gasket (not shown).

Over, or in the neighborhood of, the combustion chamber are drilled a plurality of transverse liquid passages's. The number of these drilled passages required to dissipate the heat from the head depends upon the amount of heat produced by the combustion of the gases in the chamber and the rapidity of circulation oi the cooling liquid through the head. I have found that two of such liquid passages properly located in the proximity of each combustion chamber, are usually sufllcient to maintain a suitable temper- These passages are connected with one or more large longitudinal, drilled, liquid passages Hi, which carry the liquid to the external cooling means (not shown), such as a radiator.

Both the transverse and longitudinal, drilled, liquid passages are connected with the liquid chambers of the cylinder head so as to facilitate circulation of the cooling liquid throughout the chambers and passages. These chambers and passages may be connected by direct intersec. tion, or if they are not so located ,as to permit such a connection, the metal separating thechambers and passages may be machined away at points of proximity between them. This machining of connected passages can be carried out easily without weakening the combustion chambers or cylinder head proper.

The transverse and longitudinal liquid pas- ,sages may be varied in size and location in the cylinder head to produce the proper operating temperature, and they may be drilled by any suitable method, as, for instance, by a multiple drill press. After the passages are drilled, the

- liquid passages I2.

In the modification of my cylinder head, as

shown in Fig. 4, the liquid chambers 4 are connected by a plurality of longitudinally, drilled,

These passages, which connect longitudinally aligned liquid chambers, are similar to the drilled liquid passages 10, in size and in theirrelationship to the liquid chambers intersected by them. The location of these passages may be varied to provide the best cooling conditions for the combustion chamber and to provide the space for proper location of the spark plug bosses and other necessary features of the cylinder head. It may be that the design of the head will permit casting in continuous transverse liquid chambers between the combustion chambers. In the present modification only two longitudinal passages, one on each side of the head. are required to provide the necessary liquid circulation for proper heat dissipation from the combustion chamber.

My cylinder head may easily be made to withstand exceptionally high temperature and pressures by providing the cylinder head with longitudinal fins 13 as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. These fins will serve to give the cylinder head the required amount of strength and also to serve as an auxiliary cooling unit.

The design is so simply constructed that it may be either cast, pressed, or forged. Any of these methodsof fabrication may be carried out by employing only the processes .commonly employed in present day casting, pressing, and

, forging operations.

I claim:

1. A one-piece, liquid-cooled cylinder head for an internal combustion engine comprising a plurality of combustion chambers, a plurality of liquid chambers adjacent the walls of said combustion chambers and directly-connecting with liquid passages contained in the cylinder block of said internal combustion engine, a plurality of transverse, drilled liquid passages intersecting with at least some of said liquid chambers and being adjacent to the combustion chamber top, said drilled passages connecting with one or more longitudinal, drilled liquid passages, thereby facilitating complete coolant circulation throughout the cylinder head.

2. A one-piece, liquid-cooled cylinder head for an internal combustion engine comprising a plurality of combustion chambers, a plurality of liquid chambers adjacent the walls of said combustion chambers and directly connecting with liquid passages contained in the cylinder'block of said internal combustion engine, a plurality of transverse, drilled liquid passages intersecting with at least some of said liquid chambers and being adjacent to the combustion chamber top,

said drilled passages connecting with one or more longitudinal, drilled liquid passages, said longitudinal passages connecting with the outlet to an exterior cooling device and a multiplicity of radiating fins extending longitudinally on the cylinder head.

3. A one-piece, liquid-cooled cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, fabricated without recourse to independentcoring-out means for defining the liquid chambers, comprising a plurality of combustion chambers, a plurality of remasses in said head interconnected with matching water passages in the cylinder block of said engine, at least one longitudinal, drilled passagea way through said head connecting a plurality of said recesses, and a plurality of transverse, drilled passageways through said head connected with at least one of said longitudinal, drilled passageways.

4. A one-piece, liquid-cooled cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, cast in permanent mold without recourse to independent. coring-out means for defining the liquid chambers, comprising a plurality of combustion chambers,

' a plurality of recesses in said head interconnected with matching water passages in the cylinder block of said engine, at least one longitudinally,

drilled passageway through said head connecting a plurality of said recesses, and a plurality of transverse, drilled passageways through said head connected with at least one of said longitudinal, drilled passageways.

5. A one-piece, liquid-cooled cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, comprising a plurality of combustion chambers, a plurality of liquid chambers adjacent the walls of said combustion chambers, and directly connecting with.

liquid passages contained in the cylinder block of said internal combustion engine, a plurality of longitudinally drilled passages intersecting with said liquid chambers and being adjacent to the combustion chamber top, thereby facilitating complete coolant circulation throughout the cylinder head.

6. A one-piece, liquid-cooled cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, said cylinder head comprising a plurality of combustion chambers, a plurality of liquid chambers adjacent the v walls of said combustion chambers and adapted to communicate with liquid passages contained in the cylinder block of said internal combustion engine, said combustion chambers and said liquid chambers opening outwardly to one face of said cylinder head and having an outward draft to permit withdrawal of a forming means, and drilled passages connecting adjacent liquid chambers, thereby permitting circulation of a coolant through said liquid chambers.

7. A one-piece, liquid-cooled cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, said cylinder head comprising a plurality of combustion chambers, a plurality of liquid chambers adjacent the walls of said combustion chambers and adapted to communicate with liquid passages contained in the cylinder block of said internal combustion engine, said combustion chambers and said liquid chambers opening outwardly at one face of said cylinder head and having an outward draft to permit withdrawal of a forming means, and drilled passages disposed adjacent the walls of said combustion chambers and connecting adjacent liquid chambers, thereby permitting circulation of a coolant through said liquid chambers.

RUSSELL G. ANDERSON. 

